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- Information is available on:
-
- The Main MolWeight Window
- Entering Molecular Formulae
- Exact Isotopes
- Editing Atomic Data
- Entering Group Data
- _______________________________________
-
- Note that if any read me files are
- supplied as part of this application,
- they may have more recent information
- than is contained in this file.
-
- MolWeight is © Chris Johnson, 1992
- _______________________________________
-
- The Main MolWeight Window
- This main window is where the molecular
- formula is entered and where the result
- of the calculation is displayed. The
- molecular formula is entered using
- chemical symbols and then RETURN is
- pressed. The result is displayed in the
- molecular weight icon to an "accuracy"
- of seven significant figures, although
- the actual accuracy will depend upon the
- accuracy of the atomic weights of the
- atoms in the particular formula.
-
- This window has two further icons which
- display milligrams and millimoles. By
- default, the mass of 1 mmole of the
- material is shown. However, you may
- enter a value into either of these icons
- by clicking SELECT while the pointer is
- over the icon to place the caret, and
- then entering the value from the
- keyboard. When you press RETURN, the
- corresponding value of millimoles or
- milligrams will be calculated, using the
- value of molecular weight displayed in
- the molecular weight icon. This allows
- you to calculate the mass corresponding
- to a particular number of millimoles, or
- the number of millimoles of a particular
- mass of material.
-
- It is even possible to enter a value of
- molecular weight into the molecular
- weight icon for use in such
- calculations. When you do this, the
- value of molecular weight would no
- longer correspond to the formula shown.
- The program will therefore display
- "Unknown formula" in the formula icon.
- _______________________________________
-
- Entering Molecular Formulae
- Molecular formulae are entered in as
- near a natural manner as possible. The
- program knows the chemical symbols for
- all the elements. The case of the
- letters is important, eg sodium must be
- Na and mercury Hg. The formula is
- entered in a single line and may contain
- up to 254 characters. The text in the
- icon will scroll as necessary when the
- length becomes too big for the display.
- As an example benzene would be entered
- as C6H6. The program checks through the
- formula for symbols it recognises, using
- the numbers as separators of the
- symbols. When only one atom of a
- particular element is present then it is
- essential to enter the figure one eg
- methane would be entered as C1H4.
-
- It is not necessary to enter the formula
- in its simplest empirical form. For
- example, it is acceptable to enter
- methanol as C1H3O1H (you can drop a
- trailing figure one).
-
- A compound may contain several groups
- the same, and as normal text, these
- groups are often placed within
- parentheses. You may enter such formula
- in the same way, eg ferric sulphate
- could be entered as Fe2(S1O4)3. The only
- restriction in this version of the
- program is that parentheses CANNOT be
- nested.
- _______________________________________
-
- Exact Isotopes
- By default, the program will carry out
- all calculations using the average
- atomic weights for the elements. In
- certain cases (eg in mass spectrometry)
- it is necessary to use accurate isotopic
- atomic weights in the calculation.
-
- Clicking SELECT on the "Exact isotopes"
- icon in the main window will extend the
- window and allow you to select certain
- common isotopes (C12, O16, N14, H1, S32
- and Cl35) for use in the calculations.
- The calculation will use the exact
- masses for whichever of these six icons
- are selected. The exact mass for
- deuterium can be used at ANY time by
- using the symbol D rather than H. The
- use of these six exact masses can be
- switched on or off using the "Exact
- isotopes" icon.
-
- The program will also understand curly
- brackets {}. These are used to enter any
- symbol that itself contains a digit.
- This is used for entering the symbol for
- an exact isotope different to the
- default isotopes mentioned above. For
- example you might wish to use carbon 13
- in a calculation. The program, as
- supplied understands a number of
- isotopes, including carbon 13. To use
- such a symbol in eg methane, you would
- enter the formula as {C13}1H4. You may
- extend the isotopic coverage of the
- program by entering your own symbols
- (see below).
- _______________________________________
-
- Editing Atomic Data
- The main menu includes a choice "Atoms".
- Following the arrow to the right leads
- to a submenu with choices
- List
- Edit
- Save
- Clicking on "List" will open a
- scrolling window showing all the
- elements known to the program, together
- with the corresponding masses. Using
- this you can see not only what elements
- you can use but also what specific
- isotopes are available. If you point at
- an entry and double click with SELECT a
- small dialogue box will be opened. This
- box is the same as would be opened if
- you followed the item "Edit" in the
- Atoms submenu, except that the writable
- icons are filled in with the data at
- which you pointed, ready for editing.
-
- This allows you to edit the old data or
- enter a new symbol, and its
- corresponding atomic mass. Clicking on
- OK with either SELECT or ADJUST will add
- the new data to that already loaded. If
- you use ADJUST the menu/dialogue box
- will remain on screen. The new data will
- immediately become available to the
- program. In order to include it in the
- default file which is loaded at program
- startup, it is necessary to save the
- file using the "Save" option. You will
- be warned if you attempt to quit the
- program with unsaved data.
-
- The total number of "elements" that can
- be entered is 150, which allows a number
- of special isotopes in addition to all
- the known elements. The default atomic
- data file does not have the elements in
- periodic table order, but has the more
- common elements near the start of the
- table to speed up the searching process
- during the molecular weight calculation.
- __________________________________________
-
- Entering Group Data
- A further item on the main menu is
- groups. Following this to the right
- leads to a submenu identical to that for
- atoms, and most of the previous section
- applies again. The main difference is
- that the dialogue box now allows you to
- enter a molecular formula in an
- identical way to the main window, and
- the molecular weight is calculated in
- the same way. This is useful if you are
- calculating the molar mass of a range of
- compounds that have a similar fragment
- as part of their structure. The formula
- is entered as described in "Entering
- Molecular Formulae" above. Once a symbol
- has been defined then it can be used as
- a form of shorthand in any other
- formula. For example, you may define the
- symbol ph for phenyl, C6H5. You could
- then enter chlorobenzene simply as
- ph1Cl1.
-
- The groups can be deleted and saved in
- the same way as for atoms. The program
- allows a total of 100 groups to be
- defined.
- _______________________________________
-
-